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全国人大代表雷茂端:建议建立青年发展导向型个税制度,提高35岁以下群体个税起征点

来源:907.scxinxi.com 更新时间:2026年03月21日

2026全国两会正在进行中,来自全国各地的代表、委员纷纷就其关注的领域建言献策。全国人大代表、山西迎波米槐开发有限公司负责人雷茂端带来一份关于建立青年发展导向型个人所得税制度的建议。

雷茂端在接受九派新闻采访时表示,当前,我国35岁以下青年群体已成为推动经济社会发展与科技创新的核心力量。他们在各行业发挥着关键作用,其收入状况与发展潜力,直接关系国家消费动能、创新活力与人口长期均衡发展。

然而,在现有税制下,该群体普遍面临生活成本高与税收刚性负担不匹配的突出矛盾,这不仅削弱其获得感,更从需求侧制约了内需潜力释放,从供给侧影响人力资本积累与家庭发展决策。

雷茂端。图/受访者提供

他强调,青年劳动者是高质量发展中最活跃的要素,在个税纳税人中占比显著。然而,其收入多集中于一定区间,在扣除“五险一金”后,实际可支配收入应对快速上涨的生活成本已显局促。现行每月5000元的基本减除费用标准自2018年实施以来未变,其间住房、教育、育儿等核心生活成本已大幅上涨,导致税制对青年群体实际负担的调节精准度与舒缓效果明显下降。

雷茂端进一步解释,当前,存在三重制约青年发展与国家长远战略的矛盾。

一是高刚性支出与税收固定扣除的矛盾。青年阶段面临安家置业、婚育抚养的集中支出期,尤其在大中城市,住房成本常占收入30%-50%。现行统一扣除标准未充分考量其阶段性超高负担与地区成本差异,加剧其经济压力。

二是高消费倾向与低可支配收入的矛盾。作为消费市场主力,青年边际消费倾向最高。过重税负直接压缩其用于教育提升、品质生活及新兴消费的能力,抑制内需潜力释放,影响经济循环。

三是高生育成本与低税收支持的矛盾。高昂的养育成本是抑制生育意愿的核心经济因素。现有子女教育扣除额度固定、未覆盖0-3岁托育阶段,且未与快速上涨的实际成本联动,政策支持力度与家庭现实压力差距明显,不利于人口战略。

为系统性缓解青年群体压力,雷茂端建议,超越简单提高“起征点”的思路,推动个人所得税制向更精准、更体现生命周期关怀、更服务于国家人才与人口战略的方向优化。

他介绍,一是探索建立与年龄或家庭发展阶段挂钩的差异化扣除制度。建议研究对35岁以下工薪收入者实施阶段性、引导性的税收支持政策。

例如,可考虑将该群体基本减除费用标准阶段性提高至每月8000-10000元,或探索设立“青年发展专项附加扣除”,使其在职业起步与家庭初创的关键五年至十年内,有效增加可支配收入,用于技能提升、创新创业或应对重大生活支出。

二是完善并建立专项附加扣除标准的动态调整机制。建立扣除标准与居民消费价格指数(CPI)、分城市居住成本指数等挂钩的常态化评估与调整机制,确保政策时效性。重点优化住房租金扣除、子女教育扣除和继续教育扣除三方面内容。依据各城市租金市场中位数分档设定并大幅提高扣除限额,每年自动评估调整。将扣除范围向前延伸至0-3岁婴幼儿照护支出,并依据不同教育阶段(如学前教育、义务教育、高等教育)提高差异化扣除标准。扩大范围至职业技能资格认证、非学历教育等符合国家目录的支出,鼓励终身学习与职业转型。

三是强化税收政策与国家战略的协同联动。强化生育支持,对养育多子女(二孩及以上)的家庭,按孩次阶梯式提高子女教育扣除额,或探索给予定额的税收抵免。激励青年创新,对青年创办的符合国家重点产业方向的小微企业、个体工商户,在现有优惠基础上,进一步加大所得税减免力度或延长优惠期限。推动区域试点,允许在青年人才聚集、生活成本高的国家中心城市或示范区,试点涵盖差异化扣除、强化租金抵扣等政策的“青年友好型税收综合支持方案”,积累经验后稳步推广。

九派新闻记者 代梦颖

编辑 王佳箐 吴迪

【来源:九派新闻】

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